Subject: [IGSREPORT-3269] Wk 0882 IGS Final Orbits
From: AC Coordinator / NRCan GSDivision
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 10:07:45 PST

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IGS Electronic Report    Sun Dec 15 10:07:45 PST 1996      Message Number 3269
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Author: AC Coordinator / NRCan GSDivision
Subject: Wk 0882 IGS Final Orbits

Final IGS Orbit Combination - Week 0882   (Dec 01, 1996 - Dec 07, 1996)

Contacts: J. Kouba ([email-masked])
          Y. Mireault ([email-masked]), F. Lahaye ([email-masked])

COMBINATION STRATEGY:

For a complete description of combination strategy, please refer to the report
posted on CDDIS (IGS08827.SUM).

SOFTWARE:

  The weighted average software used was developed by T. Springer and
G. Beutler during 1993. The GPS long arc orbit analysis software used here for
individual centre ephemeris evaluation was developed by Beutler et al. at the
Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB). For more details on
the orbit combination and complete references for both software see:

   Beutler, Kouba and Springer, 1995, Combining the orbits of the IGS Analysis
   Centers, Bulletin Geodesique, 69, pp 200-222.

   Kouba, Mireault and Lahaye, 1995, 1994 IGS Orbit/Clock Combination and 
   Evaluation, Appendix I of the Analysis Coordinator Report, International GPS 
   Service for Geodynamics (IGS) 1994 Annual Report, pp. 70-94.

PRODUCTS GENERATED:

  The resulting average ephemeris and clocks are output to daily files in SP3
format. The satellite accuracy codes displayed in the header are based on the
weighted RMS for each satellite. Note that each file contains all the
satellites that appear in any of the centre ephemeris files. If a satellite or
centre was excluded from combination, a note in the REMARKS section of this
report will identify the exclusion and the reason.

  The resulting x and y earth rotation parameters (ERP) associated with the IGS
ephemeris files and their rates (xrt, yrt) are computed using a weighted average
of all available centres (weights are those from the orbit combination). 
Pole rate combination uses only centres providing estimated pole rates.
These values are supplemented with the current IERS Bulletin A UT1-UTC values. 

  The Final Orbit files generated and uploaded into CDDIS @ NASA/GSFC are:

 IGS08820-6.SP3  IGS GPS ephemeris files for days 0-6, week 0882 in SP3 format.
 IGS08827.ERP    Earth rotation parameters (ERP) associated with ephemerides.
 IGS08827.SUM    Complete report.

REMARKS on IGS Final Orbit Combination:

1. The centres used in the clock combination are COD, EMR, ESA, GFZ and JPL. The
   other centres are excluded because they either provide broadcast clocks (NGS)
   or clock corrections are not provided (SIO).  The clock information not
   used is still compared to combination for completeness.  
   The value of 999999.999999 microseconds, according to the sp3 format 
   convention, is used to signify that no clock solution is available and 
   therefore must not be used.

2. Only the GFZ "exact" clock corrections (one epoch out of two) are included
   in the combination and RMS computation (no "interpolation" values).

3. Rapid ("IGR") orbits/clocks are included in the combination for statistics
   only.

4. The following centre clock solutions, which provide broadcast clock
   corrections, were excluded from the combination but kept in the combination
   statistics:
            -> Centre: NGS 

5. Centre clock weights were determined using the following non-SA satellites:

                  Day | PRN list
                  ----+---------
                  0-6 |  15 

6. The following clock solutions were excluded from the combination because
   they were biasing the combined clock solutions (large clock shifts/outliers)
   but were kept for the RMS computation. Note that starting with week 860, 
   Centres with clock RMS higher than 2 ns are excluded from the clock 
   combination if they bias the combined clock solution. This will make IGS 
   clock precision more comparable to the best ACs.

                  Day | Centre | PRN list
                  ----+--------+---------------
                   1  |  ESA   |  ALL

7. The following orbit solutions were excluded from the combination because 
   they were biasing the weighted average (generally indicated by long arc RMS).
   They were still used for statistics computation.

                  Day | Centre | PRN list
                  ----+--------+---------------
                  0-6 |  SIO   |  ALL (High rotations)

8. State vector resets were modeled for the following satellites to
   alleviate the effects of modeling problems, experienced by all centres,
   in the Long Arc (LA) process:

          Day (Date) |   TIME   |  PRN  | Centres  | Reason
         ------------+----------+-------+----------+-------------------
          1 (Dec 02) | 00:00:00 |  29   |   All    | Modeling problems
          3 (Dec 04) | 00:00:00 |  16   |   All    | Modeling problems (a)
          4 (Dec 05) | 00:00:00 |  14   |   All    | Modeling problems (b)
          4 (Dec 05) | 00:00:00 |  23   |   All    | Modeling problems (c)
          4 (Dec 05) | 00:00:00 |  30   |   All    | Modeling problems (d)
          6 (Dec 07) | 00:00:00 |  19   |   All    | Modeling problems

  (a) Due to unrealistic long arc RMS, PRN16 was excluded from the long arc
      evaluation on day 6 for ACs that submitted solutions for this satellite;

  (b) Due to unrealistic long arc RMS, PRN14 was excluded from the long arc
      evaluation on day 4 for ACs that submitted solutions for this satellite;

  (c) Due to unrealistic long arc RMS, PRN23 was excluded from the long arc
      evaluation on days 0, 3 and 6 for ACs that submitted solutions for this 
      satellite;

  (d) Due to unrealistic long arc RMS, PRN30 was excluded from the long arc
      evaluation on days 0 and 4 for ACs that submitted solutions for this 
      satellite;

9. Centre specific UT1-UTC values for esa and ngs were not used in the long arc
   evaluation.  Smaller RMS were obtained when UT1-UTC values from Bulletin A
   were used.

ORBIT COMBINATION AND EVALUATION STATISTICS:

For a complete description of tables and statistics, please refer to the report
posted on CDDIS (IGS08827.SUM).

Table 1: Week 0882 summary.                       (Dec 01, 1996 - Dec 07, 1996)

Table 1.0882.a   GPS week: 0882   MJD: 50418.0-50424.0

         Mean and standard deviations of transformation parameters.
         WRMS - orbit RMS weighted by the SP3 header accuracy codes.
         STA  - Mean number of stations in the daily solutions.
         Units: meters, mas, ppb, nano-sec, nano-sec/day.

CENT STA|  DX   DY   DZ    RX    RY    RZ  SCL  RMS WRMS |   TOFT  TDRFT    RMS
--------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------
cod  83 | .00  .02 -.01  -.43   .02   .07  -.1  .09  .07 |    4.8   -4.8    1.3
        | .00  .00  .01   .11   .07   .21   .1           |   10.6   13.3
emr  29 |-.01 -.01  .01   .29  -.12   .03   .0  .11  .11 |  306.1   26.3     .8
        | .00  .01  .01   .14   .17   .24   .2           |   67.4   11.8
esa  57 | .00  .00  .00   .19   .15   .37   .1  .12  .08 |    -.3   24.1    2.2
        | .00  .01  .01   .18   .15   .32   .1           |   36.9   22.2
gfz  47 | .00 -.02  .00   .13   .09  -.07  -.2  .08  .06 |  307.9   26.3     .7
        | .01  .00  .00   .05   .10   .06   .1           |   67.3   11.6
igr  n/a| .00  .00  .00  -.09   .02  -.05  -.1  .09  .05 |    1.0   -1.9     .8
        | .01  .01  .00   .17   .08   .14   .1           |    4.7    7.7
jpl  37 | .00  .02  .00  -.21  -.03  -.06   .4  .08  .08 |  267.8   21.9     .7
        | .00  .00  .00   .13   .08   .07   .2           |  150.2    8.5
ngs  51 | .01 -.04  .00   .35  -.06  -.22  -.3  .17  .16 |   -1.6    2.3   79.8
        | .01  .01  .01   .32   .15   .20   .2           |   10.1   11.3
sio  120|-.01  .01  .01  2.53   .57  -.39   .3  .13  .10 |     .0     .0     .0
        | .01  .01  .00  1.36   .89   .35   .3           |     .0     .0

Table 1.0882.b   GPS week : 0882   MJD: 50418.0-50424.0

         Satellite position sigmas for the combined orbits
         (coded in the IGS SP3 orbit files).
         "E" flags eclipsing satellites.
         Units: cm.

              Day of GPS week
 PRN  |   0   1   2   3   4   5   6 |  Remarks
------|-----------------------------|------------------------------------------
   1  |   4   3   3   4   3   2   3 |
   2E |   5   4   4   4   4   4   5 |
   3  |   4   3   3   3   3   3   3 |
   4E |   4   4   5   4   4   4   4 |
   5E |   6   5   4   4   4   4   4 |
   6  |   4   4   4   4   4   3   4 |
   7  |   4   3   4   3   5   4   3 |
   9  |   4   3   3   3   3   4   3 |
  10  |   3   4   4   4   4   4   4 |
  14  |   8   2   3   2  33   8   3 | Modeling problems on day 4.
  15E |   6   3   5   3   4   4   5 |
  16  |   3   3  16   3   3   3  17 | Modeling problems on days 2 and 6.
  17E |   6   4   4   3   4   4   4 |
  18  |   3   3   2   2   3   2   3 |
  19  |   4   2   2   2   2   6   6 |
  21  |   3   3   4   3   4   4   4 |
  22E |   5   4   4   5   5   6   7 |
  23  |   6   7   8   7   8   7   7 |
  24E |   5   6   6   6   5   5   5 |
  25  |   6   3   3   3   3   2   3 |
  26  |   3   3   2   3   3   3   3 |
  27  |   3   2   3   3   2   4   4 |
  29  |   0   4   4   3   4   3   4 | Modeling problems on day 0.
  30E |  15  11   8   8   7   5   5 | Modeling problems on days 0 and 1.
  31  |   3   3   3   3   3   3   3 |

Table 2: Daily transformation of each centre to the combined IGS orbit and
         clocks for each day of the week. The transformation displayed is the
         sum of a priori and estimated transformations.
         WRMS - RMS weighted by the centres SP3 header accuracy codes.
         STA  - Number of stations in the daily solutions.
         Units: meters, mas, ppb, nano-sec, nano-sec/day.

Table 2.0882.0   GPS week: 0882   Day: 0   MJD: 50418.0

CENT STA|  DX   DY   DZ    RX    RY    RZ  SCL  RMS WRMS |   TOFT  TDRFT    RMS
--------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------
cod  84 | .00  .02  .01  -.56  -.06   .01   .0  .09  .07 |   -4.0   -2.2    1.3
emr  29 | .00  .01  .01   .26  -.40   .34   .1  .12  .12 |  212.0   31.0     .6
esa  59 | .01  .00  .00   .30  -.07  -.05   .0  .12  .09 |  -21.8  -15.0     .9
gfz  48 |-.01 -.02  .00   .14   .28   .01  -.2  .08  .07 |  214.0   30.3     .5
igr  n/a| .00  .00 -.01  -.32  -.12  -.01   .1  .18  .08 |   -4.3    5.8    1.0
jpl  37 | .00  .02  .00   .03   .00  -.06   .7  .09  .09 |  213.8   30.4     .6
ngs  51 | .00 -.04  .01   .22  -.05  -.04  -.4  .19  .16 |  -10.0    5.5   80.4
sio  120| .00  .02  .02  1.45  -.16  -.29   .7  .21  .14 |     .0     .0     .0

Table 2.0882.1   GPS week: 0882   Day: 1   MJD: 50419.0

CENT STA|  DX   DY   DZ    RX    RY    RZ  SCL  RMS WRMS |   TOFT  TDRFT    RMS
--------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------
cod  83 | .01  .03 -.01  -.47  -.09  -.28  -.1  .08  .07 |  -11.9   12.5    1.1
emr  29 |-.01  .00  .01   .10  -.11   .22  -.1  .10  .09 |  232.3   45.5     .6
esa  59 | .00  .00  .00   .18   .36   .77   .1  .12  .09 |  -51.4   23.1    3.4
gfz  48 | .01 -.02  .00   .23   .14  -.06  -.1  .07  .06 |  234.1   45.4     .5
igr  n/a| .01  .00  .00  -.21   .03  -.21  -.2  .06  .05 |   -4.0    3.8     .6
jpl  37 |-.01  .02  .00  -.27  -.12  -.03   .4  .06  .06 |  -45.6   15.5     .5
ngs  52 |-.01 -.05  .01   .62   .14  -.53  -.2  .12  .12 |  -17.7   20.9   79.7
sio  121|-.01  .01  .02   .48  1.42   .24   .4  .09  .08 |     .0     .0     .0

Table 2.0882.2   GPS week: 0882   Day: 2   MJD: 50420.0

CENT STA|  DX   DY   DZ    RX    RY    RZ  SCL  RMS WRMS |   TOFT  TDRFT    RMS
--------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------
cod  82 | .00  .02 -.02  -.55   .06  -.01   .0  .10  .07 |   16.7   -6.3    1.4
emr  29 | .00 -.02  .00   .30  -.14  -.16   .0  .13  .13 |  286.3   29.9    1.0
esa  58 | .00  .00  .01   .36   .21   .78   .2  .10  .08 |  -19.8   42.4    1.9
gfz  45 |-.01 -.01  .01   .13   .12  -.12  -.3  .08  .06 |  288.3   29.5     .8
igr  n/a| .02 -.01  .00  -.01   .00  -.07  -.1  .06  .04 |   -1.0    5.0     .7
jpl  37 |-.01  .01  .00  -.35  -.15  -.19   .3  .10  .10 |  288.1   29.2    1.0
ngs  52 | .02 -.03  .00   .57  -.02  -.29  -.1  .14  .14 |   11.5   -7.0   79.2
sio  120|-.02  .00  .01  2.70  1.26  -.50   .4  .13  .11 |     .0     .0     .0

Table 2.0882.3   GPS week: 0882   Day: 3   MJD: 50421.0

CENT STA|  DX   DY   DZ    RX    RY    RZ  SCL  RMS WRMS |   TOFT  TDRFT    RMS
--------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------
cod  81 | .00  .02  .00  -.42   .07   .32   .0  .08  .06 |    8.7   -9.2    1.4
emr  30 | .00 -.01  .00   .37   .07  -.14   .0  .10  .09 |  309.3   28.5    1.0
esa  57 | .00 -.01  .01   .03   .15   .20   .2  .11  .08 |   20.2   51.7    1.9
gfz  48 | .00 -.02  .00   .10  -.05  -.15  -.1  .07  .05 |  310.8   29.0     .9
igr  n/a| .00 -.01  .00   .14   .00   .07  -.1  .04  .04 |    3.8   -6.0     .6
jpl  37 | .00  .02  .00  -.16  -.05   .02   .2  .07  .07 |  310.6   28.9    1.0
ngs  50 | .01 -.04 -.01   .32   .01  -.31  -.3  .14  .14 |   -1.6    4.6   80.0
sio  121|-.02  .02  .01  4.45  1.17  -.50   .4  .10  .09 |     .0     .0     .0

Table 2.0882.4   GPS week: 0882   Day: 4   MJD: 50422.0

CENT STA|  DX   DY   DZ    RX    RY    RZ  SCL  RMS WRMS |   TOFT  TDRFT    RMS
--------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------
cod  84 | .00  .01 -.01  -.40   .06   .12   .0  .09  .06 |   14.6  -24.7    1.2
emr  29 |-.01 -.02  .01   .51   .10  -.33   .3  .12  .12 |  345.2   12.4     .7
esa  56 | .00  .00  .01   .37  -.02   .21   .2  .09  .09 |   13.6   16.1    2.3
gfz  45 | .00 -.01  .00   .08   .06   .00  -.3  .08  .06 |  347.2   11.9     .7
igr  n/a| .00  .01  .00  -.14   .06  -.20   .0  .12  .06 |    8.7  -14.6     .8
jpl  37 | .00  .01  .00  -.22   .03  -.03   .0  .10  .11 |  346.7   12.2     .7
ngs  49 | .02 -.02  .00  -.29  -.12  -.04   .0  .23  .23 |    9.1  -14.4   80.4
sio  123|-.01  .00  .01  3.53  1.23  -.77   .0  .12  .09 |     .0     .0     .0

Table 2.0882.5   GPS week: 0882   Day: 5   MJD: 50423.0

CENT STA|  DX   DY   DZ    RX    RY    RZ  SCL  RMS WRMS |   TOFT  TDRFT    RMS
--------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------
cod  84 | .00  .02 -.01  -.25   .01   .03  -.4  .08  .06 |   -1.2   10.9    1.3
emr  28 |-.01  .00  .00   .16  -.15   .04  -.1  .08  .08 |  363.9   25.5     .6
esa  57 | .01  .01  .00   .19   .28   .52   .1  .16  .09 |   -6.3   36.8    2.2
gfz  45 |-.01 -.02  .00   .11   .07  -.09   .0  .08  .07 |  365.7   25.7     .6
igr  n/a| .00  .01  .00   .11   .15   .17   .0  .04  .04 |    -.1     .4     .6
jpl  37 | .00  .02  .00  -.32  -.01  -.08   .6  .07  .07 |  365.3   25.7     .6
ngs  52 | .02 -.05  .01   .45   .00   .03  -.4  .12  .12 |   -1.8    7.6   78.9
sio  123| .00  .01  .01  3.24  -.14  -.16   .4  .09  .09 |     .0     .0     .0

Table 2.0882.6   GPS week: 0882   Day: 6   MJD: 50424.0

CENT STA|  DX   DY   DZ    RX    RY    RZ  SCL  RMS WRMS |   TOFT  TDRFT    RMS
--------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------
cod  84 | .01  .02 -.01  -.36   .10   .30  -.1  .11  .07 |   10.7  -14.4    1.2
emr  32 | .00 -.01  .01   .34  -.20   .22  -.3  .11  .10 |  393.8   11.3     .7
esa  56 |-.01  .00 -.01  -.12   .12   .17   .1  .16  .09 |   63.3   13.8    1.7
gfz  47 |-.01 -.02  .00   .09   .05  -.08   .0  .07  .07 |  395.3   12.0     .7
igr  n/a| .00  .01  .00  -.21   .04  -.08  -.1  .05  .04 |    3.9   -8.0     .9
jpl  37 |-.01  .01  .01  -.20   .06  -.03   .3  .08  .08 |  395.4   11.5     .7
ngs  50 | .03 -.03 -.01   .53  -.36  -.34  -.3  .19  .19 |    -.8   -1.0   80.2
sio  112| .00  .02  .02  1.86  -.76  -.73  -.1  .10  .09 |     .0     .0     .0

Table 3: Daily fit for each satellite and each centre resulting from weighted
         average combination and from long arc orbit dynamics (7-day). The
         first IGS column gives resulting satellite accuracy measures found in
         SP3 header. The last IGS column gives the RMS fit of the IGS orbit
         when processed through the 7-day arc evaluation.

         "E" stands for  eclipsing satellites.
         "T" stands for Total long arc orbit RMS for all satellites.
         "NE" stands for long arc orbit RMS for Non-Eclipsing satellites only.
         "MEDI","MD" stands for median of the centre's satellite RMS.

         Units: cm.

Table 3.0882.0   GPS week: 0882   Day: 0   MJD: 50418.0

               Weighted Average                Orbit Dynamics (7 days)
 PRN  | cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS |  cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
   1  |   8  15  12   6   4   9  11  15    4 |    8  17   9   8   9  13  11  18    8
   2E |   7  15  10   9   5  10  18  11    5 |    9  21  13  14  12  10  23  13   11
   3  |   5  10   7   6   6   9  13  21    4 |    4  11   8   7   8   8  13  15    4
   4E |   7  12   6   9   7   8  13  14    4 |    4  13   6  11  10   5  17  16    7
   5E |  11  17   9  12  10  10  19  10    6 |    7  21   9  13  11   9  19  14    9
   6  |   5   8   8   8   5   8  19  15    4 |    4  12   8   9   8   9  17  12    6
   7  |   7   8   9   7   5   9  11  13    4 |    4  13   6  10   8   6  14  10    6
   9  |   8  12   8   9   8   8  10  10    4 |    5  14   9  12   8   6  14  10    7
  10  |   6   5   6   4   5 ---  12  13    3 |    3   7   5   7   5 ---  10  14    5
  14  |  26  15  13  11  15  18  27  25    8 |   20  13   9   7  11  23  28  22    8
  15E |   9  13  16   9  10   7  25  23    6 |    6  19  14  14  15   8  25  18   11
  16  |   5  10   7   5   5   8  10  11    3 |    5  10   8   5   9  14  14  14    7
  17E |   7  21  20   5   7   8  15  12    6 |   10  16  10  13  10  12  21  18   10
  18  |   6   8   6   5   5   6   9  15    3 |    9  14  11  10  11  12  17  18   10
  19  |   7   8   8   4   5   6  17  11    4 |   13  13  11  13  17  14  26  11   13
  21  |   5  10   9   5   9   6  11   8    3 |    4  12   9   7  13   7  10  11    6
  22E |   9  11  11  10   7  10  21  34    5 |   12  15  18  21  18  10  29  17   16
  23  |  11  11  22   9  11   9  22  13    6 |    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0  ---
  24E |   8  14   8  10   9  11  11  10    5 |    4  17   7  13  10   7  17  12    8
  25  |   8  15  22   7   6   9  13  14    6 |    4  14  26   9  11   7  13  18    8
  26  |   7   9   6   4   6   5  11  11    3 |    7  13  10   8  10   8  10  14    7
  27  |   5   8   4   7   3   6  12   9    3 |    5   9   6  11   8   7  14  12    6
  29  |   4 --- --- ---  77 --- ---  66    0 |    1 --- --- ---   8 --- ---   3    2
  30E |  19 ---  22 ---  28  15  51  28   15 |    0 ---   0 ---   0   0   0   0  ---
  31  |   6   9   7   5   7   6  12  13    3 |    4  12   8   6   9   9  16  13    5
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
 RMS  |   9  12  12   8  18   9  19  21      |T   7  14  10  10  10  10  18  14    8
 WRMS |   7  12   9   7   8   9  16  14      |NE  7  12  10   8   9  10  15  13    7
 MEDI |   7  11   9   7   7   8  13  13      |MD  5  13   9  10  10   9  17  14    7

Table 3.0882.1   GPS week: 0882   Day: 1   MJD: 50419.0

               Weighted Average                Orbit Dynamics (7 days)
 PRN  | cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS |  cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
   1  |   6  11   7   4   4   4  11   8    3 |    5  11   8   6   7   8  10  14    5
   2E |   8  14  11  11   5   6  10   8    4 |    8  18  11  13  11   7  18  13    9
   3  |   7   7  12   7   3   5  10   5    3 |    3   6   7   9   7   5  13  14    5
   4E |   7  12  11  10   6   8  11  10    4 |    4  11   9  12   9   5  15  17    5
   5E |   9  12   6  10   5  10  14  12    5 |    7  17  13  14  15  12  18  20   11
   6  |   5  11  12   5   4   8  10  10    4 |    3   9   8   8   6   6  12  12    5
   7  |   7   6   8   7   6   6  14   6    3 |    4  10   6   9   7   6  15  15    5
   9  |   6  10   6   7   3   6   8   7    3 |    4  11  10   9   9   6  13  13    7
  10  |   6   7   8   5   4 ---  11   8    4 |    3   8   8   9   5 ---   9  13    5
  14  |   5   7   6   5   4   3   8   8    2 |   10  10   7   9   6   5  11  16    6
  15E |   9  11   8   5   5   5  10  11    3 |    5  14  11  15  10   7  19  14   10
  16  |   7   9   8   5   5   3   7   7    3 |    4  10   7   5   6  10  12  14    7
  17E |   6  17   9   6   5   5   7  10    4 |    5  12  12  14  11   6  14  11    9
  18  |   5   4  10   7   5   3   7   7    3 |    5   5  12   8   6   5   7  13    5
  19  |   6   6   5   3   3   3   6   6    2 |   11  12  14  15  11  13  13  15   12
  21  |   4   8  10   5   5   4  14   6    3 |    6  10   8   8   7   4  10  12    5
  22E |   9   7  12   7   4   5  15  11    4 |    6  11   9  16  12   7  17  14    9
  23  |  15   9  32  11   7  12  17  13    7 |   16  11  23   8   7  18  11  20   10
  24E |  10  14  21  10   8   9  13  10    6 |    4  16  10  15  11   6  15  16    7
  25  |   8   6   9   6   3   5  10   6    3 |    5   7  14   9   6   4  13  11    5
  26  |   4   9   6   4   3   5   8   5    3 |    5  10   6   7   6   4   9  14    5
  27  |   6   6   4   5   4   4   9   7    2 |    3   7   7   8   6   5  11  11    6
  29  |   5  12   7   5   8 ---  15  10    4 |    5   9  11   7   9 ---  17  13    8
  30E |  19 ---  20 ---  13  11  29  14   11 |   26 ---  37 ---  30  32  44  31   29
  31  |   6   8   8   4   5   4  14   5    3 |    3  10   6   6   7   4  13  14    5
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
 RMS  |   8  10  12   7   6   6  12   9      |T   8  11  12  10  10  10  15  15    9
 WRMS |   7   9   9   6   5   6  12   8      |NE  6   9  10   8   7   7  11  13    6
 MEDI |   6   9   8   6   5   5  10   8      |MD  5  10   9   9   7   6  13  14    6

Table 3.0882.2   GPS week: 0882   Day: 2   MJD: 50420.0

               Weighted Average                Orbit Dynamics (7 days)
 PRN  | cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS |  cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
   1  |   7  17   6   3   4   4   7   9    3 |    7  15   9   7   9   9   8  12    6
   2E |   8  12   9   7   5   7  12  13    4 |    7  19  11  13  10   7  18  13   10
   3  |   5   8   7   4   4   5  11   5    3 |    4   7   9   8   7   6  11  10    5
   4E |   8  15   9  13   3  12  15  19    5 |    3  13   8  14   9   5  20  16    7
   5E |   9  10   8   8   6   7   9  13    4 |   10  16  15  17  15  11  19  17   13
   6  |   7  10  10   4   4   8  10   9    4 |    3   9   9   9   8   9  15  12    6
   7  |   6  11   5   7   3   6  16   9    4 |    3  12   8  10   6   5  18  10    6
   9  |   7  11   7   7   5   6  10   9    3 |    4  11   8  11  10   4   9  11    6
  10  |   7   9   8  10   4 ---   9  10    4 |    3  10   7  12   6 ---   9  10    7
  14  |   5   9   5   6   4   3  10   6    3 |    8   8   6   9   7   4  10  10    5
  15E |   8   8  15   8   5   7  24  17    5 |    5  13  14  10  12   6  23  11    8
  16  |  16  28 --- ---  19  35  29  30   16 |    9  15 --- ---  11  54  13  32   18
  17E |   7  16   9   7   3   6  11  12    4 |    7  11  12  12  11   6  17  11    8
  18  |   4   9   5   4   4   4   8  14    2 |    6  13   7   7   5   6  11  16    6
  19  |   4   7   5   3   3   5   9   8    2 |    8  11   9  10   9   9  13  14    9
  21  |   4  14   8   8   3   6  13   6    4 |    4  11  12  10   6   5  15  11    5
  22E |  10  13   7   8   3   5  14   8    4 |    7  12  10  17  11   7  20  12   10
  23  |  26  10  22  14   5  13  18  13    8 |   20  28  19  27  24  28  27  28   23
  24E |   8  23  15  15   4  11  16  13    6 |    4  19   8  15   9   6  17  12    7
  25  |   7   9   9   5   3   6   6  11    3 |    6  10  11  11   8   5  10  11    8
  26  |   5   9   4   2   4   6   6  10    2 |    5   7   5   4   6   6   6  10    4
  27  |   4   6   7   4   5   5  13  10    3 |    4   8   5   9   7   5  14  12    6
  29  |   5  13   5   5   3   4  18   9    4 |    4  12   5   5   6   4  14   9    5
  30E |  21  18  12 ---   9  12  20  14    8 |   22  26  33 ---  28  29  34  28   26
  31  |   5   7  12   4   3   6  14   8    3 |    4   9   8   8   6   5  13  10    6
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
 RMS  |  10  13  10   8   6  10  14  13      |T   8  13  11  12  11  15  16  15   10
 WRMS |   7  13   8   6   4  10  14  11      |NE  7  12   9  10   9  16  13  14    9
 MEDI |   7  10   8   7   4   6  12  10      |MD  5  12   9  10   9   6  14  12    7

Table 3.0882.3   GPS week: 0882   Day: 3   MJD: 50421.0

               Weighted Average                Orbit Dynamics (7 days)
 PRN  | cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS |  cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
   1  |   5  10   6   6   3   7  15   7    4 |    7  10   8   7   5   8  12  21    6
   2E |   7   9  11   6   4   5  12  10    4 |    7  18  14  13  12   9  16  20   10
   3  |   5   9  10   6   3   6  12   9    3 |    4   8   7   8   6   5  11  20    4
   4E |   6  14  10  10   4   6  16  14    4 |    4  12   8  11   9   6  18  20    7
   5E |  10   7  11  10   3   5  15  14    4 |    5  11  10  13   9   5  19  17    8
   6  |   6   9  14   5   4   7  13  11    4 |    3   7  12  11   8   6  16  21    6
   7  |   5   6  12   5   4   6  14  10    3 |    4  12  14   9   8   7  11  18    6
   9  |   5  10   8   5   4   6   8  10    3 |    6   9   9   7   7   7  12  18    6
  10  |   5   9   8   6   5 ---   8  12    4 |    3   8   7   7   5 ---  10  17    4
  14  |   4   7   4   3   5   4  11   6    2 |    7   9   5   7   7   6  12  18    6
  15E |   7  10   9   5   4   6  12  14    3 |    4  12  14  10  10   6  18  20    8
  16  |   4   9  14   6   5   4  10   7    3 |    2   7   7   6   6   3  10  17    4
  17E |   7   9   6   5   3   6  10   6    3 |    6  14   9  12   7   6  18  20    7
  18  |   5   5   6   6   4   5   5   9    2 |    5   9  11  10   6   8   9  19    6
  19  |   4   7   5   3   3   5  11   9    2 |   11  11  12   9   8   9  13  22    9
  21  |   5   9   5   4   9   5  16   5    3 |    4  12   7   8   8   6  17  18    6
  22E |   8   9  15   8   6   7  18  11    5 |    7  11  12  17  13   8  25  19   10
  23  |  17   9  27  12   5  11  19  13    7 |    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0  ---
  24E |   9  18  13  13   5   7  23  12    6 |    4  17  11  11  10   7  18  21    7
  25  |   7   7   5   7   3   6   6   6    3 |    5   8  10  10   7   7   9  19    5
  26  |   7   7   6   6   3   6  10   8    3 |    6  11   8  12   8   7  15  19    7
  27  |   4   6   5   6   4   5  14  11    3 |    4   8   6   8   7   6  14  22    5
  29  |   4   4   3   5   4   4  16   6    3 |    4   8   7   7   6   5  17  20    6
  30E |  22  21  19  13   7  17  18  17    8 |   21  29  28   2  26  32  29  29   26
  31  |   4   7   7   4   5   5  13   8    3 |    4  10   8   7   6   5  16  20    5
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
 RMS  |   8  10  11   7   4   7  14  10      |T   6  12  11   9   9   9  15  19    8
 WRMS |   6   9   8   5   4   7  14   9      |NE  5   9   8   8   6   6  12  18    5
 MEDI |   5   9   8   6   4   6  13  10      |MD  5  11   9   9   8   6  16  20    6

Table 3.0882.4   GPS week: 0882   Day: 4   MJD: 50422.0

               Weighted Average                Orbit Dynamics (7 days)
 PRN  | cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS |  cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
   1  |   5  13   4   6   4   6   9   9    3 |    6  12   7   9   8   9   8  16    6
   2E |   7  16   8   7   7   8  16  12    4 |    7  18  10  14  11   8  17  14   10
   3  |   4   8  11   5   4   5  16   8    3 |    4   7  10   9   6   5  12  12    5
   4E |   6  16   7   8   4   5  18  11    4 |    4  16   7  11   8   4  14  17    5
   5E |   7  12   9   8   4  10  12  10    4 |    5  13  11  14   7  10  16  14    7
   6  |   6  14   8   7   5   6  10  11    4 |    3  13  13  11   7   5  12  12    6
   7  |   6  28  11   4   4   6  12  10    5 |    3  22  11   9   8   6  11  14    5
   9  |   6  12   5   5   6   5   9   7    3 |    4  11   9   9   6   5  11  14    5
  10  |   5   7  11   7   5 ---  10   8    4 |    3   7   8   9   5 ---  12  12    4
  14  |  28 --- --- ---  54  38  90  34   33 |    0 --- --- ---   0   0   0   0  ---
  15E |   7   8  10   9  11   7  17  15    4 |    6  14  15  12  18   7  22  12    9
  16  |   5  10   9   6   7   4   5   8    3 |    3  12   6   7   8   3   7  10    4
  17E |   5  13   6   8   6   6  11   6    4 |    5  10  10  11   9   7  19  12    8
  18  |   4   5  11   8   3   4   4  12    3 |    5   9   9  11   7   6   9  12    6
  19  |   4   4   3   3   3   3  13   9    2 |    9   9   8   8   7   9  11  16    7
  21  |   4  12   5   7   5   5  18   4    4 |    4  10   7   7   7   6  17  12    5
  22E |  10   6  10   9   8  10  30  15    5 |    7  13  17  18  13   8  28  21   11
  23  |  21  13  18  19   6  11  19  15    8 |   21  12  16  16  15  22  12  27   13
  24E |   8  14   7  11   6   8  26  11    5 |    4  16   9  13   8   5  19  13    7
  25  |   5   8   4   7   7   5  10   7    3 |    4   9   7  11   8   5  13  17    5
  26  |   9   8   5   4   6   3   6  10    3 |    4   9   7   9   8   6   7  14    5
  27  |   3   4   6   5   4   4  13   9    2 |    4   7   6  10   7   4  15  13    5
  29  |   3  11   8   6   8   6  20  12    4 |    3  15  10   5   9   5  17  15    4
  30E |  10  20 ---   9   9  15  20  13    7 |    0   0 ---   0   0   0   0   0  ---
  31  |   5   9   8   4   2   5   9   5    3 |    3  10  11   8   5   5  12  15    4
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
 RMS  |   9  12   9   8  12  10  23  12      |T   6  12  10  10   9   7  14  14    6
 WRMS |   6  12   9   6   6  10  23   9      |NE  6  11   9   9   7   7  11  14    5
 MEDI |   6  12   8   7   6   6  13  10      |MD  4  12   9  10   8   6  12  14    5

Table 3.0882.5   GPS week: 0882   Day: 5   MJD: 50423.0

               Weighted Average                Orbit Dynamics (7 days)
 PRN  | cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS |  cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
   1  |   5   6   8   4   3   5   6   8    2 |    7  11   9   8   5   8   8  11    6
   2E |   7  11  14  10   5   6  12   8    4 |    8  17  12  14  12   9  18  13   11
   3  |   4   4   6   5   4   5  13   6    3 |    5   7   9   8   6   5  11  11    5
   4E |   6   9   5   9   4   6  13   8    4 |    5  10   7  13   7   5  16   8    5
   5E |   9   8   7  10   2   7  10   8    4 |    4  12   8  13   7   4  18   8    7
   6  |   5   7   9   5   5   6   9  10    3 |    4   8   6  10   7   7  13  14    6
   7  |   8   7   7   7   3   6  13   8    4 |    5  14   8  12   7   4  12   7    6
   9  |   5   9   9  11   3   7  11   5    4 |    4  10  11   8   7   6  16  10    6
  10  |   5   5  10  10   5 ---   9   9    4 |    3   7  10   8   4 ---   9   6    5
  14  |   7   8  51  10   6   7   9   9    8 |    3   9  25   6   4   3   7   8    5
  15E |   6   8  11   6   3   8  11   8    4 |    3   9  10  12   6   5  18  10    7
  16  |   5   6  14   6   4   4   8   7    3 |    3   8   9   7   5   3   8   8    3
  17E |   7  11   9   7   3   5  11   7    4 |    4   9   9   9   7   6  16  11    6
  18  |   6   4   6   6   3   3   8  10    2 |    6   8   7   9   5   5  14  10    5
  19  |  16   7  17  13   7  12  12  16    6 |   18  11  20  11  11  20  12  25   12
  21  |   5  13   6  10   6   4   7   6    4 |    6  17   8   8   8   4  17   9    7
  22E |  10  10  16  13   5   9  27  17    6 |   11  16  11  20  10  11  28  11   12
  23  |  17   9  37  10   5  12  15  14    7 |   22  23   9  25  24  28  23  31   21
  24E |   9  11   9  10   3   8  15   9    5 |    4  15   9  14   8   7  16  10    8
  25  |   4   4   4   5   4   5   8   5    2 |    4   8  10   9   9   6  11  11    6
  26  |   8   6   7   6   5   7   8   9    3 |    3   9  11   7   5   6  11   8    4
  27  |   4   7  19   4   5   6  15  10    4 |    5   8  10   8   9   8  13  13    6
  29  |   4   7  11   5   3   4  15   7    3 |    4   9  11   7   5   4  12  14    6
  30E |  10   8  14   7   4  11  12  11    5 |   10  12  14  14  10  11  21  13   12
  31  |   6   6   8   4   3   6   8   8    3 |    5   8  11   7   5   5  12  12    4
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
 RMS  |   8   8  16   8   4   7  12   9      |T   7  11  11  11   8   9  15  12    8
 WRMS |   6   8   9   7   4   7  12   9      |NE  8  11  11  10   8  10  12  13    7
 MEDI |   6   7   9   7   4   6  11   8      |MD  5   9  10   9   7   6  13  11    6

Table 3.0882.6   GPS week: 0882   Day: 6   MJD: 50424.0

               Weighted Average                Orbit Dynamics (7 days)
 PRN  | cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS |  cod emr esa gfz igr jpl ngs sio  IGS
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
   1  |   7   9   4   7   3   5  10   6    3 |   11  12  10   9   8  11  10  15    8
   2E |   8  13  12   9   5   7  15   9    5 |   10  19  18  18  12  11  20  12   13
   3  |   6   6   6   6   4   5  16  10    3 |    3   8   6   8   4   5  15  10    4
   4E |   8  12  12   8   3   7  10   9    4 |    4  14   8  13   6   7  13   6    7
   5E |   9   9   8   8   4   7  17  10    4 |    5  15   9  14   8   7  19   8    9
   6  |   7  14   6   7   3   5  10   9    4 |    4  15   8  11   6   4  15  10    7
   7  |   6  10   4   7   2   5   8   7    3 |    5  10   6  11   6   3  12   9    6
   9  |   7  10   8   4   5   5   9   7    3 |    4  13   9  11   6   5  13   8    7
  10  |   7   9   6   8   4 ---  13   7    4 |    4   9   7   9   4 ---  13   7    5
  14  |   7   9   8   6   4   5  14   9    3 |    4   9  20   8   6   4   6   7    5
  15E |   7  15  11  11   6  10  16  10    5 |    6  15  11  11   9   8  17   9    8
  16  |  28  21  55 ---  15  22  50  23   17 |    0   0   0 ---   0   0   0   0  ---
  17E |   5  15   8   6   4   6  14   8    4 |    7  13   9  12   6   7  15   9    7
  18  |   6   7  10   4   4   4  12   7    3 |    8  11   8  10   9   8  15  13    8
  19  |  24   5  18   8   8   7  10   9    6 |   17  16  19  16  17  16  15  15   16
  21  |   5  13   8   5   3   5  22  10    4 |    4  18   6   9   5   4  12  10    5
  22E |  12  12  16  11   4   6  38  16    7 |   14  14  12  18  11  12  33  16   12
  23  |  21   9  25  10   3   9  16  14    7 |    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0  ---
  24E |   8  11   9   9   6   9  28  11    5 |    4  15   9  14   7   7  15  10    8
  25  |   6   9   5   6   4   6  15   8    3 |    6   8   6   8   6   4  12  10    5
  26  |   7   5  10   7   4   5  12   8    3 |    6   9   9   9   8   7  11  10    7
  27  |   3   6  14   5   5   5  17  11    4 |    6   7  10  10   6   6  17  12    7
  29  |   4  11   7   4   3   4  19   9    4 |    4   9   7   8   5   5  18   9    5
  30E |  11  10  18  10   5  12  14  14    5 |    9  10  12  13   6  10  20   7    9
  31  |   7   5   5   6   3   6  11   7    3 |    4   9   8   9   4   3  13   8    5
------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
 RMS  |  11  11  16   7   5   8  19  10      |T   7  12  10  11   7   7  15  10    8
 WRMS |   7  10   9   7   4   8  19   9      |NE  6  10   9   9   6   6  12   9    7
 MEDI |   7  10   8   7   4   6  14   9      |MD  5  12   9  11   6   7  15  10    7

Table 4: Precise Navigation Summary.

         Weekly station RMS w.r.t. the initial coordinates for the Latitude,
         Longitude and Height components.  See Table 5 for the daily summary.

         CLK  - Satellite clocks used.
         EPO  - Mean number of satellite clock epochs available in the daily
                solutions.
	 U    - Station Used in centre's solution (at least one day).
         Units: centimetres.

Table 4.0882   GPS week: 0882   MJD: 50418.0-50424.0

CENT| CLK EPO  |      BRUS      |      USUD      |      WILL      |
----|----------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
cod | cod 2399 |U  42   29   75 |U  40   32   81 |   35   22   61 |
emr | emr 2259 |   37   25   70 |   32   24   75 |U  29   16   47 |
esa | esa 1973 |   47   25   72 |U  35   26   71 |   35   21   53 |
gfz | gfz 1132 |   36   25   73 |U  29   22   70 |   28   17   38 |
igr | igr 2387 |   35   24   68 |   29   24   70 |   32   17   55 |
igs | igs 2400 |   35   24   69 |   29   23   69 |   32   16   54 |
jpl | jpl 2244 |U  38   24   69 |U  26   23   66 |   30   15   53 |

Table 5: Daily Precise Navigation Summary using the corresponding Centre orbit 
         positions and satellite clock corrections at 15 min intervals.

         Each line gives the daily station RMS w.r.t. the initial coordinates 
         for the Latitude, Longitude and Height components.
         
         CLK  - Satellite clocks used.
         EPO  - Number of satellite clock epochs available for that day.
         Units: centimetres.

Table 5.0882.0   GPS week: 0882   Day: 0   MJD: 50418.0

CENT| CLK EPO  |      BRUS      |      USUD      |      WILL      |
----|----------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
cod | cod 2399 |   52   33   85 |    0    0    0 |   28   20   46 |
emr | emr 2109 |   50   31   92 |    0    0    0 |   27   12   36 |
esa | esa 1731 |   52   25   74 |    0    0    0 |   23   15   39 |
gfz | gfz 1087 |   65   27   87 |    0    0    0 |   24   11   31 |
igr | igr 2317 |   50   25   76 |    0    0    0 |   24   14   41 |
igs | igs 2399 |   50   26   78 |    0    0    0 |   25   11   38 |
jpl | jpl 2175 |   55   27   83 |    0    0    0 |   24   12   38 |

Table 5.0882.1   GPS week: 0882   Day: 1   MJD: 50419.0

CENT| CLK EPO  |      BRUS      |      USUD      |      WILL      |
----|----------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
cod | cod 2400 |   44   25   82 |   37   38   80 |   48   27   75 |
emr | emr 2205 |   38   24   70 |   30   28   76 |   44   27   46 |
esa | esa 2083 |   45   25   73 |   33   28   81 |   50   34   75 |
gfz | gfz 1131 |   31   23   67 |   31   26   72 |   55   34   53 |
igr | igr 2400 |   34   23   74 |   28   28   74 |   47   25   69 |
igs | igs 2400 |   34   23   73 |   27   27   70 |   46   24   69 |
jpl | jpl 2176 |   40   21   72 |   28   28   66 |   39   18   53 |

Table 5.0882.2   GPS week: 0882   Day: 2   MJD: 50420.0

CENT| CLK EPO  |      BRUS      |      USUD      |      WILL      |
----|----------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
cod | cod 2398 |   42   22   62 |   44   28   80 |   26   23   54 |
emr | emr 2302 |   33   17   54 |   34   24   67 |   21   13   45 |
esa | esa 2007 |   37   21   60 |   34   32   56 |   28   16   51 |
gfz | gfz 1082 |   23   17   51 |   44   23   66 |   18   11   39 |
igr | igr 2400 |   31   17   56 |   33   25   62 |   24   15   45 |
igs | igs 2400 |   30   18   56 |   35   25   66 |   23   15   51 |
jpl | jpl 2272 |   31   18   57 |   26   24   56 |   21   14   48 |

Table 5.0882.3   GPS week: 0882   Day: 3   MJD: 50421.0

CENT| CLK EPO  |      BRUS      |      USUD      |      WILL      |
----|----------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
cod | cod 2400 |   35   27   66 |   36   32   95 |   35   20   77 |
emr | emr 2391 |   28   24   55 |   21   26   82 |   32   15   72 |
esa | esa 2117 |   35   23   68 |   36   30   81 |   34   23   70 |
gfz | gfz 1181 |   26   22   59 |   24   23   81 |   16   12   34 |
igr | igr 2399 |   31   23   60 |   28   27   83 |   32   16   74 |
igs | igs 2400 |   28   22   59 |   26   26   86 |   33   16   71 |
jpl | jpl 2270 |   28   22   56 |   23   28   81 |   33   16   74 |

Table 5.0882.4   GPS week: 0882   Day: 4   MJD: 50422.0

CENT| CLK EPO  |      BRUS      |      USUD      |      WILL      |
----|----------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
cod | cod 2399 |   45   31   68 |   45   32   81 |   28   20   55 |
emr | emr 2302 |   35   23   63 |   39   22   84 |   24   14   46 |
esa | esa 1936 |   33   27   65 |   39   20   83 |   22   12   31 |
gfz | gfz 1132 |   30   25   69 |   25   24   72 |   19    9   25 |
igr | igr 2400 |   32   23   63 |   31   24   73 |   24   16   50 |
igs | igs 2400 |   32   24   62 |   31   21   69 |   24   13   48 |
jpl | jpl 2271 |   35   23   61 |   28   20   74 |   25   14   50 |

Table 5.0882.5   GPS week: 0882   Day: 5   MJD: 50423.0

CENT| CLK EPO  |      BRUS      |      USUD      |      WILL      |
----|----------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
cod | cod 2400 |   42   32   72 |   39   31   68 |   31   19   53 |
emr | emr 2395 |   34   27   68 |   28   21   73 |   25   14   42 |
esa | esa 1906 |   76   27   75 |   31   20   57 |   24   12   36 |
gfz | gfz 1180 |   27   25   67 |   18   22   69 |   22   14   42 |
igr | igr 2400 |   32   26   62 |   28   20   65 |   25   14   42 |
igs | igs 2400 |   37   27   66 |   27   21   57 |   24   12   41 |
jpl | jpl 2272 |   35   26   64 |   22   20   50 |   24   14   43 |

Table 5.0882.6   GPS week: 0882   Day: 6   MJD: 50424.0

CENT| CLK EPO  |      BRUS      |      USUD      |      WILL      |
----|----------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
cod | cod 2400 |   35   31   86 |   39   28   81 |   44   25   57 |
emr | emr 2112 |   37   28   78 |   35   23   68 |   23   15   35 |
esa | esa 2028 |   35   28   87 |   34   20   63 |   51   25   49 |
gfz | gfz 1133 |   32   33   97 |   25   15   55 |   23   12   36 |
igr | igr 2394 |   32   27   83 |   28   18   63 |   41   19   54 |
igs | igs 2400 |   31   28   81 |   28   18   64 |   41   19   51 |
jpl | jpl 2272 |   34   30   85 |   25   16   61 |   40   19   56 |

[Mailed From: Yves Mireault <[email-masked]>]